The Work Of Egon Schiele - 1448 Words

Introduction The work of Egon Schiele is very important to me personally. In this Extended Essay I focus on Egon Schiele because his artworks influence me. He likes to show his hands in his painting and photos. In his self-painting, I can always find out that the hands always attract my eyes. His hands really impress me and I really like his hands. This gives me an idea that to put my own hands on the social software and see that will people love my hands in this era. Now, I think the answer is yes. There are more than 6,000 people like my hands in that social software. Egon Schiele used different action of his hands to show his expression and maybe his attitude to the era. That makes me pay attention to Egon Schiele’s life and experience, and then I am interested in Egon Schiele’s whole life. Although he do not had a long life, I still want to explain the meaning of his short life. Egon Schiele was an Austrian painter, who is the disciple of Gustav Klimt. In the early 20th century, Egon Schiele was one of the major figurative painters at that era. His artwork is famous for its intensity and also its raw sexuality. For example, the paintings of naked women and the many self-portraits he produced, including naked self-portraits. The twisted body shapes and the expressive line of Egon Schiele s paintings and drawings marked him as a pioneer of Expressionism in the early 20th century. During his short life, there are a huge number of events happens, and these eventsShow MoreRelatedEssay about Egon Schieles Self-Portrait905 Words   |  4 PagesEgon Schieles Self-Portrait When I look at this portrait, the first thing that hits me is the way the artist, Egon Schiele, appears to have made himself look animated, like a cartoon. The way in which his right eye is rounded like a cartoon character and his left eye is squinting and almost shut, adds to the idea of a the portrait being a cartoon. 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Hypertension Among Tribal Population Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Ischemic Heart Disease is one the major causes of decease in developed states. It is increasing being recognized as a major slayer in developing states like India that are presently undergoing demographic and epidemiological passage. Although IHD has a broad gamut of hazard factors like unhealthy dietetic form, serum cholesterin, age, physical activity, high blood pressure remains a major underpin that accelerates the hazard of future IHD. We will write a custom essay sample on Hypertension Among Tribal Population Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hypertension is besides being widely investigated because of our ability to observe and pull off it easy and besides the potency for community degree intercession, sing the non-modifiable nature of other hazard factors and every bit good as the restricted feasibleness for intercession as a public wellness step. India has started the national programme for control of NCDs in maintaining with its committedness to react to emerging wellness jobs during the passage. In order to better understand the natural history of IHD many epidemiological surveies have been undertaken. In this context tribal populations have been investigated for IHD hazard factors both in western states and India every bit good. Tribal populations provide a particular epidemiological window to take a closer expression at the natural history of IHDs, based on our given that such populations have a life manner much different from that of modern society which is considered a major determiner of IHD. Tribal people live a hurried life, without the fiscal emphasiss of the modern society, their day-to-day life necessitating moderate to heavy physical activity and their diet forms remain mostly un-penetrated by the high salt, high fat nutrient civilization. This premise holds good as long the tribal people remain unacculturated. The procedure of socialization strips these people of the protective consequence that their traditional ways have provided hitherto. In India tribal population constitutes about 8 % of the entire population. Majority of them reside in the provinces of Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. Several surveies have been done to gauge the prevalence of high blood pressure in tribal population. Most of these surveies are from the southern parts of the state. It has been by and large accepted that the prevalence of HTN in tribal population is low but recent surveies have found higher prevalence. We did a systematic reappraisal to place all surveies done in tribal population that estimated HTN prevalence. Methodology Literature hunt Two writers independently ran hunts for the cardinal words high blood pressure, tribal, prevalence, India, hazard factors, coronary bosom disease and ischaemic bosom disease. The Boolean operators AND and OR were both used. The databases searched were MEDLINE, INDMED, Science Citation Index and Google Scholar. Documents of national bureaus like ICMR, NIN and other related organisations were besides searched. The members of the ICMR Expert Group on HTN besides provided suggestions for including certain surveies. Cross mentions of all the articles ab initio obtained were besides searched. Hand hunt was done in BBDL and NML. In instance of merely the abstract being available efforts were made to reach the corresponding writer bespeaking the full text. Articles published till September 2012 were searched. Attempts were made to look for gray literature like unpublished informations, theses and thesiss. Articles published in other linguistic communications were besides searched if they had a elaborate sum-up in English with the indispensable figures. Extras were removed. If more than one article was published from a survey the article that provided the most appropriate informations and/or the most late published was included. Each article was assessed for quality utilizing standard checklists like CASP/STROBE and information was extracted on predefined spreadsheets. Study features that were considered to hold an impact on the prevalence of HTN were extracted. The inclusion standards were spelled out based on the undermentioned – ( 1 ) It should a primary research. ( 2 ) A geographically and temporally defined population. ( 3 ) Cross-sectional survey or informations, or first stage of a longitudinal survey ( 4 ) Defined diagnostic standards stated for Hypertension ( 5 ) Well defined age group ( 6 ) Community based survey ( 8 ) Published in English, or with elaborate sum-ups in English ( 10 ) Provides prevalence informations with appropriate statistics for computation of consequence sizes. In instance of discordance between the writers for inclusion, consensus of the 3rd writer was sought. In instance two different writers reported the same survey as different articles, merely the first published art icle was included. Consequences: A sum of 16 surveies including two NNMB studies were retrieved ab initio. One article ( Mandani et al, 2011 ) was excluded because it reported the same information as given in another survey ( Tiwari RR, 2008 ) . Two of the articles published by Dash SC et Al ( 1986, 1994 ) seemed to be describing on the same information and therefore the most late published article ( 1994 ) was included and the 1986 article was excluded. Full text of one of the articles published by Mukhopadhyay B et Al ( 1996 ) could non be retrieved and the abstract did non provided sufficient information and hence excluded. The NNMB survey done in 2004-05 published as Technical Report No: 24 ( 2006 ) included Scheduled Tribes as one the survey population but provided neither sample size informations nor prevalence informations for this sub-population. Hence this information could non be used. After all these exclusions, a sum of 12 articles ( including one NNMB tribal study ) were taken up for farther reappraisal. In entire these articles provided informations on 23 sub-populations. There was a big grade of heterogeneousness among the surveies in footings of the age groups studied, trying scheme, survey scene, instruments used to mensurate blood force per unit area ( quicksilver vs. electronic ) , individual or multiple BP measurings, standard standards used for categorization of high blood pressure, socialization position of the folks and eventually the consequence of clip period over which the surveies were conducted. The earliest survey found was done in 1981 by Dash SC et Al and the most recent surveies were done in 2009. Merely five surveies were done before the twelvemonth 2000 and the remainder after that. The survey size varied widely between 50 and 47400. Except for two surveies which had used electronic setups, all other surveies have used quicksilver sphygmomanometer ( this information was non available for one survey ) . Almost all the surveies have used a cut-off of 140/90 for the diagnosing of high blood pressure ( JNC VII, ADA or WHO ) but two surveies used a cutoff of 160/95 ( this information was non available for one survey ) . Almost all the surveies used multiple readings of blood force per unit area ( two or three ) for the concluding diagnosing of high blood pressure ( this information was non available for one survey ) . Surveies were non available in all the provinces of the state ; even states known to hold a big proportion of tribal population ( like Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, NE provinces ) were left out. Most of the surveies were carried out in southern provinces. S. No. Name of the province in which survey was carried out Number 1 Andhra Pradesh 3 2 Orissa 3 3 Kerala 1 4 Sikkim 1 5 Gujarat 1 6 Andaman A ; Nicobar Island 1 7 Rajasthan 1 8 Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Kerala, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka ( 9 provinces survey ( 2009 ) by NNMB ) 1 Most of the surveies were done in big population of both sexes aged gt ; = 16 or 18 or 20 old ages ( this information was non available for two surveies ) . One peculiar survey entirely included aged population aged gt ; 60 old ages. Sexual activity wise prevalence was available merely for nine sub-populations. All the surveies explicitly provided the name and socialization position of the folk studied except for the NNMB study ( 2009 ) . The most common sampling scheme adopted by these surveies was simple random trying followed by multistage sampling and non-random sampling. The overall survey quality ranged from just to good. Most of the surveies were of good quality. One survey did non supply adequate information to measure survey quality. The prevalence of high blood pressure reported in these surveies ranged from 0 % to 50 % ( excepting the survey done among aged population ) . The prevalence of high blood pressure reported in surveies done before the twelvemonth 2000 ranged from 0 % to 23 % and that reported in surveies done after 2000 ranged from 17 % to 50 % ( excepting the survey done among aged population ) . The prevalence of high blood pressure in acculturated folks ranged from 0.25 % to 50 % , whereas in unacculturated folks it ranged from 0 % to 31 % . This shows that socialization might move as a determiner of high blood pressure in tribal population. There is an obviously increasing tendency in the prevalence high blood pressure in tribal population ( Fig 1 ) . This figure was obtained by come ining the maximal prevalence reported by the surveies in a peculiar twelvemonth. The prevalence was higher in certain population subgroups which were deemed have particular features like higher consumption of intoxic ant or salt tea, prevailing baccy mastication or toddy imbibing wonts or aged as compared to subgroups which didnaa‚Â ¬a„?t have such particular features. Decision The broad scope of prevalence reported in these surveies is unequal to deduce any valid decisions about the prevalence of high blood pressure in tribal population. Surveies with more unvarying methodological analysis should be carried out in a representative sample to obtain a better apprehension of the issue. A good planned follow up survey will turn to the inquiries raised about cogency of the findings reported in this reappraisal. A comparative prevalence survey between acculturated and unacculturated folk is necessary for an in-depth apprehension of the natural history of high blood pressure. Consequences of preliminary meta-analysis ( random effects ) with sensitiveness analysis S.No. Nature of the surveies No. of surveies included Prevalence 1 All surveies 23 14.0 2 All surveies ( excepting survey on aged ) 19 11.3 3 Unacculturated tribes* 12 8.2 4 Acculturated folks * 10 20.3 5 Acculturated folks ( excepting survey on aged ) * 9 17.0 6 No particular features in the population studied* 14 6.7 7 Particular features in the population studied* 8 31.7 8 Particular features in the population studied ( excepting survey on aged ) * 4 30.6 9 Surveies done prior to twelvemonth 2000 12 5.3 10 Surveies done after twelvemonth 2000 11 28.3 11 Surveies done after twelvemonth 2000 ( excepting survey on aged ) 7 26.1 * Excludes NNMB survey due to miss of needed information * Excludes NNMB survey due to miss of needed information Ranking of the nature of surveies harmonizing to increasing prevalence of HTN S.No. Nature of the surveies No. of surveies included Prevalence 1 Surveies done prior to twelvemonth 2000 12 5.3 2 No particular features in the population studied* 14 6.7 3 Unacculturated tribes* 12 8.2 4 Acculturated folks ( excepting survey on aged ) * 9 17.0 5 Acculturated folks * 10 20.3 6 Surveies done after twelvemonth 2000 ( excepting survey on aged ) 7 26.1 7 Surveies done after twelvemonth 2000 11 28.3 8 Particular features in the population studied ( excepting survey on aged ) * 4 30.6 9 Particular features in the population studied* 8 31.7 * Excludes NNMB survey due to miss of needed information The lowest prevalence was seen in surveies done prior to twelvemonth 2000, in populations with no particular features and among unacculturated folks. Reasonably high prevalence was seen in surveies done after the twelvemonth 2000 and in acculturated folks. The highest prevalence was seen in surveies done among population with particular features. How to cite Hypertension Among Tribal Population Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Chevy Volt free essay sample - New York Essays

The Chevrolet Volt has been named the most influential product in the General Motors repositioning strategy by top executives because of its direct correlation to all the core business initiatives through some form. As Chevrolet has repositioned itself in North America they have adopted an initiative of going from â€Å"Gas Friendly to Gas Free†, through the development of their advance propulsion strategy. The advanced propulsion strategy is comprised of technologies such as: Ethanol85, active fuel management, hybrid technology, fuel cell technology, and electric (plug-in) technology. Therefore, by tying the business objectives of the North America turnaround plan and the advanced propulsion strategy together, the Volt was designed. The use of tying these two strategies together on other vehicles for Chevrolet has been very successful (hybrids E-85 capable models), but it must be taken into consideration that no other vehicle on the market has the Chevrolet Volt’s technological prowess. In order to achieve competitive positioning globally and improved business Chevrolet realizes it is necessary to satisfy needs unknown in the automotive industry. General Motors CEO, Rick Wagoner, noted 100 years ago there were three competing engine technologies: electricity, steam, and gasoline. Therefore, going forward it is highly unlikely that oil alone is going to supply all of the world’s rapidly growing automotive energy requirements; hence, by producing the Volt, Chevrolet will be competitively aligned globally which will give way to improved business results for the future. Strategic Business Unit (SBU) Background Chevrolet â€Å"An American Revolution† Chevrolet being a subsidiary of General Motors has very similar objectives and goals, but there are some key items to note. The Chevrolet Company has produced many new models over the years. They have become a leader in the industry under General Motors. With newer models of sports cars, full size pickup trucks, sedans, and coupes the company has grown with immense popularity. The company proved the need of American manufacturers to diversify their products. They improved using new styles such as disc brakes, headlamps, engine size, faster, as well as more reliable cars. Some of their greatest accomplishments were the Camaro, Corvette, Caprice, Chevelle, and the Impala. Chevrolet has always been a competitor; they produce in order to satisfy the needs of the consumer by offering great automobiles at low prices. Chevrolet, created in 1908, has always had an emphasis on the customer. With the development of emerging markets and new movements (The Green Movement) Chevrolet has had to adopt strategies within the scope of their business to compete. Currently, consumer needs being satisfied has been developed primarily by the innovative approaches of offering alternative fuel sources at the SBU. Clearly consumers need high quality vehicles at competitive prices, a Chevrolet core objective, but by offering alternative sources of energy Chevy believes they are satisfying a new need for consumers of the 21st century. General Motors recently adopted Chevrolet as their global fuel solutions leader. The marketing of the Chevrolet Volt will be protected by this assignment, but there are some important factors to consider. General Motors and the EV1 At the turn of the 20th century, General Motors had developed the EV1. The EV1 was a plug-in vehicle that relied solely on an electrical battery as its source of power. This vehicle which had generated lots of hype, such as the Chevrolet Volt is now, never made it into production. This result has caused many enthusiastic electrical powered potential buyers to be weary of the production of the Chevrolet Volt because of the heartbreak they suffered a decade ago. Additionally, analysts on Wall Street deemed the EV1 a massive failure because of the non commercial production of the vehicle. Trying to understand why this vehicle failed to reach its potential is absolutely necessary in the development of the Chevrolet Volt’s marketing strategy. The primary problem with the EV1 from a marketing perspective was the product itself. Unlike the Volt, GM’s EV1 didn’t have the capability to use other fuel sources when the battery died, but instead just died. Therefore, the product design of the vehicle was not aligned with customer’s expectations that had to make normal commutes throughout the day. Another key factor was that the marketing of for this product was almost non-existent. Other than a few appearances at car shows and a television commercial that never aired, no additional marketing data could be found. In conclusion due to General Motors creating a product that was not suitable for day-to-day life and not creating awareness about the product the EV1 idea was short lived. We will take these points into consideration when developing our marketing strategy. Campaign Objectives Transitioning back to the Volt, objectives are important to clarify and set targets that ought to be achieved by the planned actions. Objectives exist on three levels; Corporate, marketing and communication. Corporate objective can be summarized as maximizing shareholder wealth and is ultimately achieving higher profits and increased sales. Marketing objectives are the successful introduction of a new car to the market. Communication activities play the most important role in tying everything together as they must coordinate with all other company activities (production, sales, purchasing, etc). Listed below are the campaign objectives for the Chevrolet Volt. †¢Strengthening the consumer relationship with the Chevrolet brand. †¢Increase the consideration for Chevrolet when planning a new car purchase. †¢The target market should be reached to its fullest extent. †¢Consumers have to be made aware this new product and its brand name. Being a new product with a new technology, a prime objective is to educate consumers and explain the features and benefits of the Volt. †¢Target markets should be excited about the release of the Volt and spread word of mouth. †¢Communications should motivate consumers to find out more about the Volt; either by visiting the website, ordering brochures, visiting a local dealer, or by doing a test drive. †¢The Volt should be considered as a full and valid alternative to traditional cars, as well as hybrids. †¢Ultimately communications should lead to a purchase, and a higher percentage of showroom visits should turn into increased sales. In a perfect world communications would guide our target market right into the showroom. However, being a completely new product for Chevrolet and General Motors, there is no historical data to estimate any trends that are possible or realistic. Even if we succeed on every part of our communications plan, there is still a slight chance that this product could be a complete bust. However the success of some of our competitors, like the Prius, as well as the success of our own hybrids can, to some degree, prove that this product will be equally if not more anticipated. Whether or not these objectives will be met can only be determined by post campaign research. This research should start during the campaign and be continued in intervals to monitor the situation. Market Analysis The market analysis that will be covered will pertain to different situations that have manifested as potential factors to the introduction of the Chevrolet Volt. These situations include: product situation, competitive situation, distribution situation, and the macro-environment situation. Product Situation GM is pursuing a revised sales and marketing strategy by focusing on clearly differentiating our brands, optimizing their distribution network, growing in key metropolitan markets, and re-focusing marketing efforts on the strength and value of products. GM continues to support a more orderly and consistent alignment of its dealers. GM’s promotion strategy emphasizes its brands and vehicles, rather than price incentives. In addition, GM intends to increase advertising in support of new products and specific marketing initiatives to improve GM’s sales performance in certain metropolitan markets. GM is allocating capital and engineering to support more fuel-efficient vehicles, including hybrid vehicles in the United States, and is increasing production of active fuel management engines. GM recently announced its intention to build its first plug-in hybrid and unveiled the Chevy Volt extended range electric concept vehicle, while at the same time announcing two partnerships to accelerate development of advanced lithium ion batteries. In addition, GM is undertaking a major initiative in alternate fuels through sustainable technologies such as E85 Flex Fuel vehicles. GM has sold two million E85 vehicles and plans to build over two million more in the next five years. GM is also adding five more E85-capable models to its lineup for 2007, raising GM’s total flex-fuel offerings to 14 vehicles. In addition to offering its flex-fuel vehicles, GM responded to the strong market demand for fuel economy by selling more than one million 2006 model year vehicles that achieve 30 miles per gallon or better on the highway. In the 2007 model year, GM will increase the number of vehicles that achieve 30 mpg or more to 23 models. In support of new car and truck programs, GM’s total capital spending in 2006 was $7. 5 billion, of which $5. 0 billion was devoted to GMNA. GM expects an increase in this commitment in the future by spending between $8. 5 billion and $9 billion in each of 2007 and 2008, of which approximately $5. 7 billion in 2007 and approximately $5. 5 billion to $5. 7 billion in 2008 will be devoted to GMNA. In addition to continuing to improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines, GM is focused on the introduction of propulsion technologies which utilize alternative fuels. GM has also continued to develop electrically driven vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. For example, in November 2006 GM announced that they had begun work on their first plug-in hybrid, and in January 2007 they introduced the Chevrolet Volt concept vehicle, an extended range electrically driven vehicle based on E-Flex technology with a pure electric vehicle range of 40 city miles, E85 ethanol/gasoline fuel economy of 150 miles per gallon, and gasoline fuel economy of 50 miles per gallon. The Volt can also travel at 100 miles per hour and reach 60 miles per hour in 8 seconds. The large lithium-ion battery necessary to power the Volt could be ready for production beginning between 2010 and 2012. The Volt is expected to be priced at $30,000 and sell 60,000 units in the first year of introduction, which is 4 times the amount of Toyota Prius’ sold in its first year. GM continues to increase their spending on alternative technologies and have intensified their efforts to displace traditional petroleum-based fuels. Overall, we believe that this industry is on the threshold of a major transformation in propulsion fuels and technologies –a transformation that can help GM accelerate industry growth in a sustainable way, mitigate and ultimately solve the energy and environmental challenges of the automobile, and create vehicles that are fundamentally better than their predecessors. Competitive Situation The Chevrolet Volt is unlike any previous electric vehicle, thanks to its innovative rechargeable electric drive system and range-extending power source.